As an American historian, I will say one thing. Reformists were often the first to support racist, eugenics, and authoritarian responses to social problems. Most of the leaders of Eugenics were considered progressive reformists, as were members of the Second Ku Klux Klan. To argue that reformist answers to these were effective is to forget that the very reformist nature of fascistic ideologies, and their broad appeal, allowed them to reform society in such a way that White Supremacy no longer needed to be enforced by vigilantes. The government was enlisted instead. Reform Liberalism has rarely, if ever, directly challenged these legal aspects of the implementation of fascist policies. In fact, reform liberals supported wide-scale purges of radicals from society writ large, a move that shifted the mainstream political climate substantially to the right, where it has since remained.